Results of the latest research carried out by the leading specialists of the enterprise showed that one of the most burning problems for Ukrainian consumers of heating equipment in the present moment is the formation of scale in heating devices as a result of using hard water as heat transfer agent in national heating systems. The consequence of the above mentioned is a considerable reduction of the whole heating system efficiency which is absolutely inadmissible under the present conditions of implementing energy saving policy. Scale which is formed in the systems is characterized by an extremely low heat conduction (thermal conductivity is 200-300 less than that of metal), that is why even 1 mm thick scale layer reduces heat transfer and results in considerable over consumption of fuel. Besides heat transfer surfaces of the boilers are subject to strong overheating which in some cases causes damages to heat exchange surface of the boiler. That is why each time after each heating season the maintenance services carry out labor consuming work connected with descaling of the boilers and heat exchangers.
Of course, heat power engineers are familiar with problems which arise because of scale formation in boilers and heat exchangers. Nowadays there are widely used effective chemical technologies for water softening. But things that are not difficult for large heat power stations and nets turn to a problem for small boiler-houses in cities, towns and at the enterprises. To introduce water treating in boiler-houses if not stipulated by the design is very problematic because of high cost of equipment and further expenses for chemical reagents supply and delivery.
In the last years alongside with the classic chemical methods of scale formation prevention there have been intensively elaborated and used physical-chemical methods of water treatment (magnetic, ultrasound, electrochemical, of high frequency etc.). Based on many theoretic and practical researches there was studied influence of magnetic field on the structure of calcium and magnesium salts which form insoluble compounds at the increase of temperature in the system to 50-600 C, and proved the reduction of scale formation on the surface for 20-50 %. This effect is explained by destabilization of ions of calcium and magnesium which are combined while being heated alongside with formation of crystals of aragonite structure which cannot form solid sediments. Total mass of salts in the system remains unchanged but tendency of “porous” crystals separation increases immediately.
On the bases of the above research CC “Agroresurs” elaborated and proposes consumers a new series of boilers “Danko” with capacity of 8-24 kW equipped with the device “Kolchuha” used for water treatment by pulse dynamic electromagnetic field due to which water loses its property to form solid scale for a certain period and solves existing water stone. The boilers of this series do not need any additional maintenance, any expenditure materials, they consume a small quantity of energy, exclude application of chemical reagents, that is why they are ecologically safe. The device “Kolchuha” is mounted inside the boiler “Danko” on the outlet pipe of the heat exchanger, that is why the above boilers do not differ from their analogues in their exterior aspect. The principle of “Kolchuha” operation is based on use of electromagnetic modes of frequency 1-20 kHz with radiation capacity not more than 5 Wt. The distinguishing feature is a constant change of oscillations of frequency of electromagnetic radiation which produces resonance while salts structure is being formed. Change of frequency characteristics is carried out by means of specially programmed microprocessor which monitors formation and transfer of signals which are repeated in asynchronism. They are transferred in water through the system of radiators situated on the pipe-line. These waves which are absolutely harmless for a human cause the change of crystal structure of hardness salts which form scale. Without influence of electromagnetic modes these ions form stable mixture of amorphous deposits which mainly contain crystals of calcite. Pure calcite takes shape of rhomb like crystals which are extremely hard and tend to accumulate. Those are ones which “Kolchuha” transforms into aragonite structure which makes crystals frail, unstable and makes them lose their ability to accumulate. Transformed in frail crystals scale is easily removed from the surface.
The peculiarity of the above method of treatment lies in the fact that crystal grate is renewed 5-6 days after the period of “Kolchuha” influence is over (so called “memory of crystals”). Thus properties of softened water are lost. Because of this “Kolchuha” must, as a rule, work without stopping. Unlike permanent magnets and electromagnetic coil which were used before in other analogous devices and lost their efficiency in the course of operation “Kolchuha” provides steady result of treatment quality during all the operation period. A range of variable waves formed by “Kolchuha” prevents the development of so called “immunity” of crystals to a permanent electromagnetic signal influence. Application of “resonance” method increased considerably steadiness of results and device operation reliability.
“Kolchuha” consists of a separate power supply unit connected with a compact electromagnetic pulses generator unit. Generator unit is made on the basis of the microprocessor which generates output highly periodic signal on the basis of the corresponding algorithm and database. After the amplification it is fed to the coils installed on the pipe-line where it forms pulse dynamic electromagnetic field. This field influences the water that flows through the pipes. Such water loses its property to form solid scale for a certain period and solves existing water stone.
Devices of the series “Kolchuha” differ in a diameter of pipe-line on which it is installed and consumption of water which flows through the above pipe-line.
|
Optimal water consumption, m3/hour |
Section, inches (mm) |
Outer diameter of the pipe mm |
Degree of protection |
ÏÅÎÂ-50 |
2,2-8,0 |
2" (50) |
äî 60 |
IP 54 |
Additional advantages of the boilers “Danko” equipped with the device “Kolchuha”:
- prevention of scale formation in the heating system;
- solution of existing scale in old systems;
- prevention of corrosion of inner steel surfaces of the boilers;
- long operation period;
- advantageous correlation: high operation efficiency/low expenses;
- small power consumption;
- does not require considerable expenses and time for maintenance;
- ecologically safe process.
